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保羅．田立克（Paul Jahannes Tillich,1886-1965）《存在的勇氣》“The Courage to Be”，曾論及蘇格拉底之死昭示一種勇氣，這種勇氣能對生命加以肯定，因為它能對死亡加以肯定。這種勇氣改變了過去英勇式的勇氣，代之以普遍的理性，帶給整個西方古代「哲學的安慰」，去超脫生死與命運。筆者由他對蘇格拉底的描述有所啟發，希望藉由田氏對「存在的勇氣」的了解，對照著評析李贄的學說。 李贄（1527-1602）肯定「真心」，而能固守自我個體性，成就「作為自我而存在的勇氣」；佛教則提供了超越的彼岸，成為李贄安頓死亡的方式。進而能超越西方的精神焦慮。

Keywords: Li Zhi, Paul Jahannes Tillich, The Courage of Being Existential Subject, The Convergence of Three Religions 

 In The Courge to Be , Pual Jahannes Tillich has discussed the death of Socrates, 
that shows the courage to give recognition to life because the first also gives
 recognition to death itself. That kind of courage is differet from the definition 
of braveness in the past;
 moreover, it is a bit rationalism, which conforts all the people taking fate,
 and life-and-death easy in the classic Western Philisophism. 

On the idea about the death of Socrates in The Courage to Be, 
Tillich’s udnerstanding of existential subject inspires me to 
compare it with Li Zhi’s philisophy ( 1527-1602). 
Li Zhi confirmed True Heart, and he kept himself as an object, 
and insisted on having the courage of being himself. 
For the mortal life, buddism offers him the way to 
accept death peacefully.In one sense, Li Zhi’s thought is beyond the anxiety of Western philosophy.  

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